Hello friends, you must have heard about your transformer but some people do not know what its main function is and some people do not even know how the transformer works. Transformers are used around our homes and in power plants and places where electricity has to be supplied. So in today's article, we will know what is transformer and how it works. So let's know.
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| What is transformer |
What is transformer :
The transformer is called a static device. A static device is a device that does not move in the same way that a transformer works without moving and without moving. A transformer is a device that does more or less power. That is, with its help, we can increase or decrease the amount of voltage. By the way, it is mostly used for both works and is being used even today. There are some devices which run at low voltage such as 100 V or below but if seen, we have ac current power supply of 240 V. So transformer is used at that time with the help of which we can reduce 240 vault to 100 vault, after which we can run the same equipment. In the same way it is used even when we have 240 vaults, but the equipment runs from 440 vaults, then using this transformer at that time you can run any equipment by increasing or lowering the voltage.
But you must keep in mind that one transformer cannot work both, that is, separate transformers have been made to reduce the voltage and to increase the voltage, which is the same type of transformer.
Parts of transformer :
There are many parts to make the transformer or inside and outside the transformer, due to which the transformer performs such as core, stitch, winding, primary winding, secondary winding, special paper, meter.
Core :
The core is thin sheet-like sheets made of iron or aluminum. All the sheets are folded together and the same sheets are called cores. Probably the question in your mind would be why thin sheets are made by adding them, whereas thick sheets are not made directly. After interconnecting the thin sheets, the heat of the transformer falls on this core as the transformer does not heat up quickly.
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| Parts of transformer |
Special Paper :
It is applied before winding on the transformer and after applying the winding, this paper is covered over the winding. But this paper is anti-electric paper which does not burn.
Winding :
When a copper wire is draped over a thing in a single place and taken out, it is called winding. Winding is also called inductor. Winding in transformer has two primary winding and secondary winding.
Primary Winding :
The primary winding is the winding the winding with which it is called is the primary winding.
Secondary Winding :
The winding from which current comes out or we get that winding is called secondary winding.
Tank :
Larger transformers that overheat do not get too hot, so a separate solder is installed which does not allow the transformer to overheat. There is only oil in this tank.
Meter :
Power supply transformers also have a meter, whose main function is to show the amount of power, such as the amount of voltage, etc.
How transformer works :
At this point when a current is passed through the primary winding in the transformer, a magnetic field is formed in that primary winding. You should first know how a magnetic field is formed. When the current flows through a copper wire, a magnetic field is formed around it. The more copper wire is wrapped, the greater and larger magnetic field is formed. Due to the formation of a magnetic field in the primary winding of the transformer, that winding has an effect on the magnetic field at the core. Due to which the magnetic flux accumulates in the core and rotates from one place to another as if you can see the arrow (arrow) in the image, due to that magnetic flux, the current starts to rise in the other winding and the same current comes out. We get tax. The amount of current we will get outside depends on the winding, such as whether the winding is large or small, ie whether the copper wire is more wrapped or less.
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| Transformer working diagram |
In other words, if we say that current flowing from one winding makes a magnetic field in it, when the second winding comes under the same magnetic field, then the current starts to flow even if the second winding inside the magnetic field that is on the primary winding Does not come, that is, even when the secondary winding is away, the current does not flow.
Similarly, all the work of the transformer depends on the magnetic field or magnetic flux. So that's why transformer is called static device because it works without moving.
Why transformer is used :
Now we will tell you why transformer is used. As you will know where the electricity comes from our homes, it comes from the power plant because it is where electricity is produced. So if you see, the power plant is several kilometers away from our house, that is, it is so far away that when the power is transported from there to your house, then the electricity will not reach your house because the wire mesh is spread far and wide. Traveling so far and due to the resistance in the wire, the power is lost.
Suppose if you bring 240 vaults of electricity from the power plant to your house, then you will get 10 vaults instead of 240 vaults or you will not reach it. The reason for this is that the longer the wire is, the greater is the amount of resistance in that wire, due to which the power comes to an end or its voltage decreases at all.
This problem is solved by the transformer, due to which the power is firstly increased to a very large amount ie first its voltage is 5000 volts, then where the power is required is 240 volts, by reducing the voltage with the help of transformer. That is converted into 240 vaults and electricity is delivered to the houses. The biggest advantage of increasing the voltage to a large extent is that sending the power far away does not reduce the voltage quickly and the power is not wasted. The higher the voltage of electricity is increased, the more we can supply power to a far distance.
But one thing you must keep in mind that the voltage can be increased to a greater extent due to the step up transformer and the voltage can be reduced as much as possible with the help of a step down transformer.
Use of transformer :
The transformer is used in such a way that it is used in very large quantities today and is still being used today.
In charger :
A low voltage is required to charge a smartphone or battery, when the transformer is used, but the transformer is a step-down transformer.
To supply electricity :
Transformers are also used to supply electricity, such as the electricity we get in our homes is obtained from the power plant with the help of transformers. Transformers which do the job of supplying electricity but those transformers are both step up and step down.
Advantages of transformer :
- With the help of transformer, power is easily supplied to a long distance.
- With the help of transformer we can increase or decrease the voltage as much as we want.
- Transformer that works only on AC current.
Disadvantages of transformer :
- Transformer which cannot work on dc current means that it works only on ac current.
- Larger transformers cost significantly more.
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