What is transistor and its types

The transistor is a part and component in the electronic category. Without this, many devices are not built quickly, so transistors are used in very large quantities and you should also know about them so that you can get information about all the components inside the electronic one by one. For this you will be told in this article about transistors like what is transistor, how transistors works, types of transistors and advantages and drawbacks of transistors.

What is transistor :

The transistor is a small component that we have shown in the picture itself. A total of three terminals appear outward in the transistor, due to which the transistors work. Transistors are devices that do a lot of work that we have described as points one by one, which is as follows:

What is transistor

• To Amplifier :

The job of amplifier is to transmit transistors, such as by amplifying weak signals. That is why most of the transistors are seen inside the sound system.

• Modulation :

The transistor also works for modulation, that is, the transistor helps to convert the DC current to AC current, due to which you will be able to see it easily in the inverter.

• Demodulation :

Demodulation is also the work of transistors, this means converting AC current to DC current. Because there are two types of current, if the DC current is needed then after applying it, the DC current can be obtained by changing the AC current. But you should also keep in mind that to convert AC current to DC current, DC current can also be obtained from AC current by giving diode as rectifier.

• Features of switch :

However, to turn the electronic devices off or on, we can manually turn the devices on or off with the help of buttons. But there are some devices which automatically turn on and off automatically and within those devices, the transistors are connected by connecting them with sensors so that you can press the button to turn the circuit on and off again. Do not have to press This happens in some devices, such as the solar lights being installed in the streets at night time, which automatically turn off during the day and turn on at night. The reason for this is that both sensors and transistors are included inside it. That is why the transistor also acts as a switch.

• Stop and let the current go :

The task of intercepting or letting go of the current is also with the transistor and this happens only when there is no need for you to repeatedly stop and let the current core.

Parts of Transistor :

The transistor is made of many materials and only after mixing or adding the same material, the transistor is ready. The names of the parts of the transistor are as follows:

• Junction :

Silicon, which is called the junction inside the transistor, that is, all three junctions are made of silicon itself. But in inside the three junctions some more metal is also mixed so that the three junctions remain separate.

• Body :

The outer shell of the body transistor is called. This plastic is special plastic which does not melt even after the transistor is overheated.

• Heat sink :

A small number of transistors heat up quickly, for this, a small metal plate is placed on it so that the transistor does not get hot but the same plate has to be connected to the silver plate as well, only then the transistor will not get hot. A small heat sink is placed on the upper part of the moxet transistor. Whose picture we have shown below.

Transistor terminals :

The terminals of PNP transistors are slightly different from the NPN transistors which is why you will be told about the terminals of both transistors.

Transistor terminals

The middle terminal is called the base terminal when the PNP and NPN transistors are captured as shown in the figure. The base terminal is the terminal with which the transistor is made to work. The left terminal of PNP and NPN transistors is the emitter while the right terminal is called collector. The names of the three terminals of PNP and NPN transistors are the same, but the difference is only positive and negative.

For example, in NPN transistors the base and collector terminals are called positive terminals while the emitter is called negative terminal.

Whereas in PNP transistors the base terminal and the emitter terminal are called the negative terminal while the collector is called the positive terminal. Only the left terminal is called the emitter while the right terminal is called the collector. Only after seeing the positive and negative terminals, the transistor is placed in the circuit or the transistor is electrified.

How transistor works :

Friends, there are two types of transistors, due to which both types work in different ways, so we will tell about both of them so that you can understand them well. But you must keep in mind that if you have seen any transistor, then the same transistor will be either NPN transistor or PNP transistor. That is why you will be told about the methods of working of different transistors.

How NPN Transistor Works :

NPN transistors are included inside a total of three junctions, one of which is a junction N junction. The second is P junction and the third junction is called N junction. First, when the collector is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the emitter of the transistor to the negative terminal of the battery, then the transistor does not work because both NN junctions of the transistor are not connected together. If both NN junctions are connected then only current will flow. To let the current go or supply the power, the middle base terminal has to be given separately as you can see in the picture how we took a different battery and separately its positive end of the base.

How NPN Transistor Works

Together and the negative end is connected to the emitter of the transistor. This means that we have given the base terminal of the transistor separately. Only when the transistor's base terminal is connected to the transistor, both NN junctions of the transistor are connected and the current starts to flow. Which causes the bulb to wake up. An NPN transistor is such that electrons flow from the collector of the transistor to the emitter. You should also keep in mind that instead of current, electrons complete their circle by reaching the battery inside the collector terminal of the transistor while exiting the emitter terminal. If the NPN transistor connects the emitter terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and the negative terminal of the battery to the collector of the transistor, then electrons will not flow from the emitter to the collector because the transistor also allows the current of the diode to flow in the same direction. The transistor stops the current coming from the front. That's why the same happens in NPN transistors, ie the electrons will flow from the collector to the emitter but as soon as you reverse the connection of the battery or the electrons will flow from the emitter of the transistor to the collector then the transistor blocks. You have to take care of this particular point in PNP transistors.

How PNP Transistor Works :

PNP transistors also have three junctions and all the three terminals have the same name as NPN but in this PNP transistor positive and negative current flows in different direction.

Like we added the positive end of the battery from the collector to the NPN transistor and the negative end of the battery from the emitter to the current, but only after giving the base a positive current. In PNP transistors also the base has to be switched separately to turn the transistor on or off but the base terminal of the PNP transistor is given a negative current only when the transistor turns on while the base positive current to turn on the NPN transistor. Had to give.

How PNP Transistor Works

According to the picture we have connected the transistor with the battery and the bulb. The positive end of the battery is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor while the negative end of the battery is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor. Electrons have started flowing from the positive end of the battery which goes inside the emitter end of the flowing PNP transistor but stops there only because the emitter and collector terminals of the PNP transistor are not interconnected, due to which the electrons The emitter is going in, but the collector is not coming out and that is why the bulb is also not running.

For the bulb to go on or the circuit to start working, we have to first turn on the PNP transistor so that the PNP transistor starts flowing at the current so that we can operate the bulb. So to start the PNP transistor, we will take a separate battery whose positive end will be connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor while the negative end of the battery will be connected to the base of the PNP transistor. As soon as the negative current is received from the base terminal of the PNP transistor, then the base terminal of the PNP transistor is connected to the emitter and collector of the PNP transistor. You are seeing that the emitter and collector end of the PNP transistor are now interconnected and the current has started to flow, due to which the base terminal of the PNP transistor has been separately tuned.

What you get to learn about NPN and PNP transistors is that the transistor does not work or does not allow the bulb to wake up until the base terminals of the transistors are given separately and the positives are positive or We have already told about it negatively. Transistors work only after powering the base.

Note :

A very low voltage is required to turn on the transistor such as from 0.5 voltage to 0.8 voltage. When the transistors are capable of passing voltages of more than 100 amps, that is, the transistors can be placed in a circuit where the power with high voltage and high amps has to be stopped or let go.

How transistor control current :

With the help of a transistor we can also control the current of the current as if the flowing voltage is 5 voltages, then if we do not give the full voltage to power the transistor then the transistor will not allow the full voltage to go forward, ie a very low voltage Lets go further.

We also try to explain by giving you an example. Just as much as we open the broken water, the more water will flow, and if we open the broken bit only, then the water will flow a little towards the front, the same happens in the transistor. If you do not want the voltage to go ahead or if you want that the voltage coming from outside is high and if you want to send a current of low voltage then you can also take help of the transistor.

For example, suppose the transistor requires 0.8 voltage to work properly ie to drain the entire voltage. Whereas if you want to get out the low voltage, then you will give a voltage of less than 0.8 to the transistor i.e. 0.5 voltage so that the transistor will allow the voltage to go forward in a small amount. In this, you get to learn that if you do not give full voltage to the transistor, then the transistor voltage will only go forward in a small amount, whereas if you give full voltage to the transistor, then the transistor will start flowing forward without decreasing the voltage.

Note :

Friends, you need to know in advance how much voltage is required to turn on the transistor, such as from where you are buying, you must ask about how much voltage is required to turn this transistor on. Because different transistors operate only at higher or lower voltages.

Transistor Symbol :

There are many electronic components, due to which different symbols have been made to understand all of them so that it can be explained and shown according to the picture.

Transistor Symbol

The symbols of the transistor are different, one of which is the symbol of the NPN transistor. Symbol of the NPN transistor you can see that the arrow is seen moving towards the emitter, this means that the electrons move in and out of the emitter from the collector.

While the arrow in the symbol of the PNP transistor is moving towards the collector, it means that the electrons coming from outside come from the emitter inside and out of the collector.

Types of Transistor :

There are many types of transistors, for different functions to be done, that is why you will be told about all types of transistors, which are as follows :

1. Bipolar transistor
• NPN transistor
• PNP transistor
2. FET Transistor
3. JFET Transistor
4. MOSFET Transistor
5. Small Signal Transistor
6. Power Transistor
7. Small Switch Transistor

The transistor which we told you about above: Transistor is called bipolar transistor and you should also know that the transistor is mainly designed to work above current, but this does not mean that the bipolar Transistors do not work above voltage. There is nothing more special in the bipolar transistor, so there is nothing left to tell anything more about it. However, there are also two types of bipolar transistors on the front which we have mentioned one by one.

What is NPN transistor :

NPN transistors are transistors inside which there are only three junctions, of which the first and third number junction is N junction while the middle junction is called P junction. Due to having three junctions, the three terminals are connected to these three junctions, which are removed from the outside so that the NPN transistor can be made to work.

The main difference about the NPN transistor is that the electrons go inside the collector terminal of this NPN transistor while the emitter exits itself i.e. the collector and base terminal is called positive terminal while the emitter is called a negative terminal. And to turn on the NPN transistor, a separate positive current base is given.

What is PNP transistor :

PNP transistors are also exactly the same as NPN transistors, but they work in the opposite direction as the electrons exit the emitter and out of the collector. PNP transistors have three terminals, out of which the collector and base terminal are negative terminals while the emitter terminal is called positive terminal. It is to be seen that the difference between Bipolar transistors, NPN transistors and PNP transistors does not work, that is, all of these transistors work the same.

What is FET Transistor :

The full name of this FET is called field effect transistor. The FET transistor works to control the flow of current, that is, it is the work of the FET to excuse the current. The types of FET transistors are also different, such as JFET transistors, Mosfet transistors.

What is JFET :

JFET transistor is a transistor that controls current flow. To excuse the current or not, one has to take support from the gate terminal itself and a separate voltage is given to the gate terminal due to which current flows from the drain ( terminal ) to the source ( terminal ) in this transistor.

What is MOSFET :

MOSFET ( Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor ) transistor is a very good transistor as it is used only in high voltage devices such as inverter etc. Because the transistors inside the high voltage devices get very hot, a thin metal plate is attached to the top side of the back side of the MOSFET which is attached to the direct heat sink so that the MOSFET does not get overheated. Could.

Mosfet

Therefore excessive amounts of mosphates are used in high voltage devices. However, there are three terminals with Mosfet transistor out of which the middle terminal is called the gate terminal, with the help of which the phosphate is turned on or off, while one of the remaining two terminals is named drain and the other one is named. Source.

What is Small signal transistor :

Small signal transistors are transistors designed to work on small circuits ie low voltage and current. That is why this transistor is named small signal transistor. By the way, if you go to buy this transistor like NPN transistor and PNP transistor.

What is Power transistor :

Power transistors are transistors that are made to work at high voltage and high current such as inverter etc. MOSFET is also called a power transistor because the mosfet are made to work at high voltage.

What is Small Switch Transistor :

A special switch is designed to turn a circuit on or off, a small switch transistor, which works only to turn the circuit off or on. For example, a small box fitted with small bulb lights also has a transistor inside the box.

How transistor is made :

Transistors are made of some materials such as silicon and the germanium. If we talk about silicon metal then there are silicon metal on both sides of the transistor but it is not pure silicon because if it will not work. Some external different metals are mixed inside both silicon so that the P and N junctions of the transistor remain separate and formed. The outer shell of the transistor is plastic and it is such that it does not melt even after heating. Some transistors also have a large metal plate attached to them so that the transistor does not get too hot after connecting the transistor with the silver plate.

Uses of transistor :

1. Transistors are used in many devices but according to different functions such as :
2. The transistor itself is used to convert current to ac current to dc current and dc current to ac current. The transistor is brought into use at the time when the circuit has to be closed or switched on without asking for your help.
3. To increase the signal, transistors are also used in the circuit.
4. Transistors are also used to reduce power.

Advantages of Transistor :

1. The transistor turns on and off the circuit.
2. The work of shedding and stopping the power is also done by the transistor.
3. Controlling the voltage and current means that the transistor itself has the job of moving the power in a limited amount of current.
4. The transistor does the job of converting DC current into AC current.
5. The transistor does the work of converting AC current to DC current.
6. The transistor does the job of amplifying the small signal.

Drawbacks of Transistor :

1. The transistor has to be powered separately to start. The transistor does not work if it does not provide a separate electrical transistor.
2. Transistor does not works on ac current.

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