What is Capacitor and how it works

Today, you will be told about the most used capacitor in all electronic devices, because it is very important to know about it. Because capacitors are used in very large quantities today, especially in electronic devices. By the way, what is capacitor, all of you will be given information about the types of capacitor and how capacitor works, so let's start in this article.

What is capacitor :

Capacity is a small component that resembles a battery as you can see in the picture. Which is used in very high quantities. By the way, capacitor is made of plastic which works like a battery because electricity is stored in it too. Capacitors are used in the circuit to keep the current current constant to clean the power or to stop the power. But the use of capacitors will depend on you whether you want to let the power go or not. But you will wonder why the power is stopped. The reason for this is the type of power ie there are two types of current such as DC current and alternative current. DC current in the circuit or alternative current, capacitor is also used accordingly. For example, many times the DC current has to be allowed in the circuit but not the alternative current. In the same way many times it happens that the DC current is not allowed to go in the circuit but the alternative current has to be allowed. Capacitor is applied and its type is applied according to which current is allowed to go and stop. For example, the capacitor can be stopped and allowed to go in series or by parallel itself.

What is Capacitor

The only way you can understand the shortcut method is that capacitors are used to keep the current current constant in order to stop the power so that the power does not stop continuously in a circuit and to clean the power as if We use the purifier to clean the water, the same way the capacitor clears the electrical.

While the current is used to constrain the capacitor, the work of reducing the voltage is only with the Zener diode.

know what is zener diode and how it works

Capacitor parts :

Capacitors are made of some essential parts, which we have described below, which are as follows :

• Body :

Capacitors are also made of plastic. They are also made of metal and, of course, hard materials like clay. Only the outer part of which is plastic. It is made of glass or metal while different materials are used inside it such as plastic, metal (anode, biode) mica, ceramic etc. However, the plastics used in capacitors are special plastics and are not made of melters. Because when the capacitors work, they are very hot. In addition, if ordinary plastic is used in capacitors, overheating of the capacitor will cause platinum and spoil the capacitor. That is why the plastics used in batteries and capacitors are special and hard.

• Plates :

Inside it, two plates are seen, one of which is of plate anode and the other of plate is of cathode. The anode plate is made of aluminum while the second plate is made of conductive polymer.

• Dielectric material :

Dielectric material is inserted between the two plates of the capacitor or the two plates inside it should not touch each other. By inserting the di-electric material between the two plates, the current accumulated in both the plates are attracted to each other, which enables the capacitor to work. The end of the capacitor is removed by connecting the wire with both the plates inside the capacitor.

• Terminals :

The two plots inside the capacitor are connected to two different terminals ie wiring so that the capacitor can be connected.

How Capacitor is made :

The capacitor is made up of four things such as plastic which is the body above the capacitor, followed by plates one plate is made of aluminum and the other plate is of conductive polymer, followed by dielectric material which is inserted between the two plates. After this, the two terminals ie the wires which are taken out.

Capacitor terminals positive and negative :

The Polar capacitor has two terminals, one of which is the short end and one end is large. Out of the two terminals of the capacitor, the terminal which is of the anode is called the terminal positive terminal and the small terminal is called the cathode terminal ie the negative terminal.

Whereas both terminals of non polar capacitor are same because non polar capacitor does not have any polarity like positive and negative terminal is not seen in this non polar capacitor because this capacitor works upside down or straight. However, one of the two terminals of the polar capacitor is terminal positive and the other terminal is negative and this capacitor has to be seen before installation because the polar capacitor has polarity.

How does capacitor work :

First of all you have to know that the capacitor is like a battery. Just as there are plates inside the battery, there are two plates inside the capacitor.

How does capacitor work

When the capacitor is turned on, then the electrons lying in the negative terminal of the battery first go to the cathode terminal of the capacitor and the negative charge or electrons start accumulating there. The electrons in the cathode of the capacitor become very tight, due to which the electric field starts forming electrons in the cathode plate and also in the second plate of the hypotenuse, but the holes of positive electrons. While the cathode is in the electrons in the play. It is only when the capacitor has electrons in both the plates that the capacitor is fully charged. By the way, if the capacitor is half empty, then the positive charge will be visible in one of the plates of both capacitors and the negative charge in the other plate will be half visible or the number of electrons will be the same in both plates. This means that the current inside the capacitor is half the amount or the capacitor is half charged. If the capacitor is completely emptied, the anode and cathode terminals of the capacitor will have no electrons at all. This proves that the capacitor is completely empty because electrons always move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal while the current runs from the positive to the negative plate.

You always remember that electrons always run from the cathode end to the anode end. But in the middle there is die electric material, due to which electrons are attracted towards each other but are unable to move, so that the current runs from one plate to another with the help of a straight wire if the bulb or motor in the middle If used, both the devices will run because the current is flowing, that's why.

Capacitors are placed inside the motor or circuit so that the motor or circuit receives current and the motor can run continuously. Because the power coming from outside is not continuous but stops intermittently 50 to 60 times in a second, due to which the motor will not be able to hold good speed. So for this the capacitor is put together which currents the motor when power is stopped and the capacitor recharges when the power is running and it works in less than a second and the motor works well Also works with To keep the circuit running continuously, capacitors are also used in it.

Why capacitor block DC and allows AC current :

Which currents the capacitor stops and which currents it does not depend on the type of capacitor and I will tell you about both polar and non-polar capacitors, how and which current it stops which Is as follows :

Why capacitor block DC and allows AC current

• DC capacitor (Polar capacitor) :

First of all we are going to talk about Polar capacitors. Which we have placed between the connection of the battery and the bulb but in the series. When a DC capacitor is placed in the series, it happens that the current keeps flowing until the capacitor is charged, which will also keep the bulb awake. But as soon as the polar capacitor is fully charged, then the same polar capacitor stops the DC current. Because of which the current will not flow and the bulb will not work either. In this, you have got to learn that by applying polar capacitors in the series, the current stops or stops flowing. You should remember that polar capacitors are used only in DC circuits because polar capacitors work only on DC current.

At the top, we put the polar capacitor in the series, but if we put the polar capacitor in the parallel then the current also flows, the capacitor keeps charging, the bulb keeps on burning and the current keeps flowing even after the polar capacitor is charged and The bulb keeps on burning. This means that the current does not stop when the polar capacitor is placed in the parallel.

• AC capacitor (non-polar capacitor) :

By the way, non-polar capacitors work on both DC and AC current. But in the non-polar capacitor, there is a slight reverse in the case of stopping the current. For example, by applying non-polar capacitor in the series, the non-polar capacitor does not stop the current, but lets it go and charge simultaneously, but if a non-polar capacitor is placed in the parallel, then it will replace the capacitor current i.e. AC and DC current. Stops both.

DC current is stopped by placing the polar capacitor in the series while the non-polar capacitor is not stopped by the current in the series. But by applying the polar capacitor to the parallel current, the DC current flows continuously, but by applying the non-polar capacitor to the parallel, the current stops due to the non-polar capacitor. This is the biggest difference.

Note :

You will read anywhere it is always said that the capacitor stops the DC current even when it depends on its type. Because there are two types of capacitors, one of which prevents DC current and the other type only prevents AC current.

Why capacitor used in circuit :

Above we told you about how the capacitor works but on this topic we are going to tell you that if a capacitor is installed in a DC and AC circuit, what will be the function of the capacitor or how it will work Capacitor.

First of all, you should know that only DC capacitors are installed in the DC circuit, but if needed, you can also install AC capacitors. Whereas some circuits are both DC and AC in which both DC and AC capacitors can be used. A lot of categories fall within the DC circuit. But we tell you only about the motherboard category of them. For example, the current inside the motherboard goes to DC (Direct current). But all the parts inside the motherboard should also get current. That is, if the current does not stop in between, then due to this, all the components are not able to work well. Because the electricity coming from outside comes intermittently that's why. Due to which computer or laptop will also not be able to work well. If all the parts inside the motherboard can get current continuously, then for this, capacitors will be seen everywhere in SMPS or on the top side of the motherboard, which help to send DC current continuously.

In the same way AC capacitors are also used to flush current continuously, or to prevent DC current in AC circuits.

Why use capacitor in rectifier :

Capacitors must be installed along with the diode in the rectifier, the reason is to clean the electrical and keep the constant etc. By the way, we have already explained you above in the Constant's Bar, now you also know about the cleanliness of the electricity. By the way, the function of rectifier is to convert the alternative current into direct current. When the current we get from the rectifier, the current is not completely clear, that is, there is a small amount of alternative current, while we need a clean DC current to charge the battery. In case the AC current does not enter inside the battery for a little bit, the capacitor is fitted separately, which is the time of AC current and allows the direct current to go forward. Even if the voltage is up and down, it still tries to keep it normal. Capacitors are placed in the rectifier so that the waste of ac current can be stopped and only the clean dc current can be obtained.

Different types of Capacitors :

There are a lot of capacitor types, whereas in earlier times when capacitors were invented, there was only one type of capacitor, but due to changing problems, different capacitors had to be made. Due to which types of capacitors were made and it will be updated further, due to which its name will also be changed. The types of capacitors are as follows :

• Polar Capacitor
• Electrolytic Capacitor
• Tantlum Capacitor
• Niobium Capacitor
• Super Capacitor

• Non Polar Capacitor
• Ceramic Capacitor
• Mica Capacitor
• Silver Mica Capacitor
• Damped Mica Capacitor
• Polystyrene Capacitor
• Polycarbonate Capacitor
• Polypropylene Capacitor
• Teflon Capacitor
• Glass Capacitor
• Plastic Film capacitor
• Metallised Film Capacitor
• Film Capacitor

• Variable Capacitor
• Tuning Capacitor
• Trimmer Capacitor
• Mechanical Capacitor
• Electronic Capacitor

What is Polar Capacitor :

Polar capacitors have been named as having polarity in this capacitor, such as positive and negative. That is, the capacitor which has one terminal negative and the other positive is called the polar capacitor. This polar capacitor is also called a direct current, that is, DC capacitors, because polar capacitors only work on DC current. Whereas if the polar capacitor is turned current then these capacitors will be damaged. This means that a polar capacitor or DC capacitor is placed in a similar circuit where the DC current flows or enters or where there is some work in the circuit with DC current.

Several types of polar capacitors are also seen on the front side, which run only on the direct current. Such as electrolytic capacitors, Tantlum capacitors etc. We have explained all these and below which is as follows:

What is Electrolytic Capacitor :

Electrolytic capacitors are a common type of capacitor. If you want to compare ordinary capacitors with this electrolytic capacitor, then the difference is much greater. Because the electrolytic capacitor capacitance is much higher than ordinary capacitor and it can store more amount of power inside itself. The capacitor which deposits the power inside the capacitor with the help of Electrolytic is called the electrolytic capacitor. You must know that it is like electrolytic fluid or it can also be called gel because this fluid is very thick.

What is Tantlum Capacitor :

Tantlum capacitor is the type or subtype of electrolytic capacitor. The capacity of Tantlum capacitors is quite high. Along with this, the Tantlum capacitors remain perfect for high voltage while the capacitance and voltage value of the electrolytic capacitor is slightly less than the Tantlum capacitor. That is why Tantlum capacitors are used in devices where the voltage is of high level and where there is a shortage of space, these capacitors are the best.

What is Niobium Capacitor :

Capacitors that are made from niobium oxide are named Niobium Capacitor. However Niobium Capacitor is quite stable if compared to other capacitors. Because even when the temperature is high, that is, it does not spoil quickly even when it is overheated. The most important thing about Niobium Capacitor is that its capacitance value remains stable. This type of capacitor is used in the converter i.e. the current has to be converted such as DC converter etc.

What is Super Capacitor :

Super Capacitor is the best Capacitor The biggest reason for this is the high capacity and power. That is, such a device which needs current continuously but DC current is not available continuously. So a super capacitor is placed at this place or in the device which is capable of accumulating high voltage power and giving more power simultaneously. More power has to be given at the same time only when the power supply is stopped from behind in few milli seconds. Super capacitors are installed in high voltage devices so that the super capacitor helps to give constant current constant when power is switched off and on again and again. Constant current is not found when AC current is converted to DC current and only then the DC current is intermittently but not intermittently.

What is Non Polar Capacitor :

Non-polar capacitors are capacitors that have no or no polarity, such as the absence of positive and negative terminals. The two terminals of the capacitor are the same, they can also be inverted or perpendicular, because its terminal is not seen towards positive and negative. Due to the absence of polarity in the capacitor, the capacitor is named non-polar capacitor. You should also remember that there is no polarity in the alternative current, due to which non-polar can work on both the alternative current and the direct current. Although it is called AC capacitor but it can be easily used and used in both AC and DC circuits.

What is Ceramic Capacitor :

Ceramic capacitors are made from ceramic material, which is why it is named ceramic capacitor. The ceramic material is used as a dielectric between the capacitors so that both the plates of the capacitor are not allowed to touch you. These ceramic capacitors are used or used in devices operating at high voltage and low voltage. After this, the cost to make this type of capacitor is also less.

What is Mica Capacitor :

Mica material is used in Mica Capacitor as dielectric itself which is why it is named Mica Capacitor. However, Mica Capacitor are also capable of operating at high voltage. But the special thing of this Mica Capacitor is that its capacitance value remains stable whether the temperature is more or less of the capacitor. Apart from this, it is also used in high frequency circuits. That is why Mica Capacitor is used in large devices such as inverter television etc. But the Mica Capacitor price is also slightly higher.

The Mica Capacitor also has two variants, such as the Silver Mica Capacitor and the Dampd Mica Capacitor. in the feature of both is also seen the same but the difference is seen a little bit and in use it is done according to the circuit or according to the value.

What is Polystyrene Capacitor :

Polystyrene is applied or used as a dielectric to prevent two plates from interlinking inside the Polystyrene Capacitor, hence this capacitor is named Polystyrene Capacitor. Polystyrene Capacitor is used in a circuit where the capacitor's tolerance value is high because the capacitance of this capacitor is slightly higher than the capacitor of the buck that is why. On the other hand, in terms of its specialty, the power loss is less and it is able to work on the capacitor even when the temperature is high. But one drawback of Polystyrene Capacitor is that these capacitors are not able to operate at high frequencies.

What is Polypropylene Capacitor :

Inside the Polypropylene Capacitor Polypropylene film is used to prevent both plates from touching each other, which is why it is named Polypropylene Capacitor. Polypropylene Capacitor is also similar to Polystyrene Capacitor but cooks have some differences such as Polypropylene Capacitor is able to operate easily at high voltage, also has high insulation value and can be used in large appliances and high frequency devices. These capacitors are successful. That is why it is mostly used in high AC and DC circuits. Whereas Polystyrene Capacitor is not capable of working at high frequency.

What is Teflon capacitor :

Teflon capacitors are made of metal and whatever capacitors are made of metal are able to operate easily even when the capacitor temperature is high, just like the specialty of Teflon capacitor is that these capacitors range from -50 ° C + You can work without any problem even if the temperature is up to 150 degree C. But the capacitance value of Teflon capacitor is slightly less.

What is Glass capacitor :

Glass capacitor is made of glass, that is why it has also been placed on top of it. Talking about the specialty of glass capacitor, the performance of the work is the highest than the capacitors of the rest and they work easily even when the temperature is very high. The capacitence value of a glass capacitor is very low, ranging from 1 picofarad to 1000 picofarad. Glass capacitor made of glass makes its design a bit difficult due to which it is also a bit difficult to make and for this reason its price is a bit higher.

What is Plastic film Capacitor :

Plastic film Plastic is used to attach the dielectric inside the capacitor to prevent the two plates from joining as the capacitor has two plates inside. Plastic film Capacitor is also capable of running at high voltages such as up to a maximum of 400 kilo volts. Apart from this, plastic film capacitors are stable, and the loss is low when the frequency value is high.

Inside the plastic film capacitor, both plates are very thin sheets, in the middle of which the same thin plastic sheets are rolled in dielectric form and wrapped and made as capacitors. Just as the egg roll is rolled and shaped into a round, the plastic film is rolled by rolling a total of three sheets inside the capacitor and the middle sheet is dielectric (plastic) sheets and the rest of the sheets are of metal. To accumulate power.

What is Variable capacitor :

Variable capacitor is also used in very high quantities. On the other hand, all the types of capacitors I mentioned above, the value of all capacitors was fixed and remains, that is, the capacitance value of that capacitor could not be changed i.e. the capacitance value could be reduced or increased. But there are some devices in which the value of the capacitor had to be changed. That is why a capacitor that had the features to reduce or increase the capacitance value was called and the variable capacitor named that capacitor.

If you do not understand now about the variable capacitor, then you should remember that the capacitance value of the variable capacitor can be reduced or increased and the variable at the forefront of the capacitor is the shaft to reduce or increase the capacitance value.

Although the types of variable capacitors are different, but they all have the same function, but the difference is only in the capacitance value of all of them and there is not much difference, that's why I am not going to tell you about it because on this website We keep sharing that type of information about which people can easily understand and remember.

Who invented capacitor :

Capacitors were invented by two scientists and the names of those great scientists are Ewald Georg Von Kleist and Pieter Van Musschenbroek. But the first of these two scientists was the discovery of capacitors by Ewald Georg Von Kleist. But if we look at all the types of capacitors that have been made inside the capacitors, that is, all kinds of capacitors were discovered by different scientists, such as electrolytik capacitors were discovered by Charless Pollak, who was a great scientist. Were. But the first scientist to discover capacitors was Ewald Georg Von Kleist.

Uses of capacitors :

Capacitors are used in many devices. The main function of the capacitor is to keep the voltage constant in any devices where the capacitor is used, ie control the voltage, clean the power, stop and let the power go, etc. All these capacitors are used in all electronic devices and the names of all those devices are as follows :

• Inverter
• The television
• Computer (motherboard, monitor and SMPS etc.)
• The laptop
• Charger
• radio
• Converter (AC and DC converter)
• Electric motors (fans, coolers etc.)
• Small gadgets

By the way, capacitors are used in many devices, but if I start telling them all, then this article will become quite long, so I have told you about the necessary devices. If you look inside those devices, then you will get to see many different types of capacitors.

Advantages of capacitors :

1. The capacitor helps to keep the voltage constant, that is, to continuously drain the power.
2. The DC or AC current helps in stopping the capacitor and it depends only on its type.
3. The capacitor is charged and discharged like a battery.
4. Working of capacitors at high voltage easily.
5. Capacitors also protect the circuit from rotting when voltage fluctuates.
6. Capacitors charge in less than a second
7. Being able to provide high current (even above 1KV) at the same time

Disadvantages of capacitors :

1. Applying capacitors in a small amount of power is wasted.
2. Capacitor which is not able to store a large amount of power like a battery, due to which it charges and discharges (empties) in less than one second.

Important note :

Friends, there are some capacitors in which the voltage is very high, such as above 100 volts and applying those capacitors can also cause a shock. That is why you must first discharge that capacitor. To discharge, connect the two wires of the capacitor or connect the wires with the help of a screwdriver, which will eliminate the current inside the capacitor.

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